Effects of phentolamine on cardiac function, myocardial injury index, and hemodynamics in septic patients with myocardial injury / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of phenolamine in the treatment of sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction and its effect on cardiac function, myocardial injury index, and hemodynamics in patients.Methods:The clinical data of 79 patients with sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction who received treatment in Huangshi Central Hospital, Edong Healthcare Group from February 2017 to February 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. These patients were divided into a control group (without phenolamine treatment, n = 41) and an observation group (with phenolamine treatment, n = 38) according to whether they received phenolamine treatment or not. Clinical efficacy, cardiac function, myocardial injury index, and hemodynamic index pre- and post-treatment were compared between the two groups. Results:There was no significant difference in 28-day mortality rate between the two groups ( P > 0.05). Intensive care unit length of stay and mechanical ventilation duration in the observation group were (9.33 ± 3.52) days and 83.00 (28.50, 138.00) hours, which were significantly shorter than (12.17 ± 4.15) days and 111.00 (47.50, 169.00) hours in the control group ( t = 3.26, Z = -2.27, both P < 0.05). The response rate in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group [81.58% (31/38) vs. 60.98% (25/41), χ2 = 4.05, P < 0.05]. After 7 days of treatment, the left ventricular ejection fraction in each group was significantly increased, and the left ventricular end-diastolic diameter and left ventricular end-systolic diameter in each group were significantly decreased compared with before treatment (all P < 0.05). After 7 days of treatment, the left ventricular ejection fraction in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group ( t = 3.29, P < 0.05), and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter and left ventricular end-systolic diameter were significantly lower than those in the control group ( t = 5.94, 11.21, both P < 0.05). N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide and cardiac troponin I levels in each group were significantly decreased with time (both P < 0.05). At 24 and 72 hours and 7 days after treatment, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide and cardiac troponin I levels in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (both P < 0.05). After 7 days of treatment, heart rate in each group decreased significantly compared with that before treatment (both P < 0.05), mean arterial pressure, cardiac index, and stroke output index in each group increased significantly compared with those before treatment (all P < 0.05). After 7 days of treatment, heart rate in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group ( t = 4.90, P < 0.05), and mean arterial pressure, cardiac index, and stroke output index in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group ( t = 4.37, 3.23, 6.01, all P < 0.05). Conclusion:Phentolamine can improve hemodynamics, reduce myocardial injury and improve cardiac function in patients with sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction.

Application Status and Prospect of Rehabilitation Assessment Technology / 中国医疗器械杂志

Rehabilitation assessment is the basis and important part of rehabilitation diagnosis and treatment. At present, clinical evaluation is usually carried out by observation method and scale method. At the same time, researchers monitor patients' physical condition data through sensor system and other equipment as a supplement. The purpose of this study is to review the application and development of objective rehabilitation assessment technology in clinical practice, and to discuss its limitations and strategies to provide reference for related research.

Topological Structure and Biomechanics of Three-Dimensional Printed Height Increasing Insoles for Leg Length Discrepancy / 医用生物力学

Objective To study topological structure of a new type of three-dimensional (3D) printed height increasing insoles for leg length discrepancy (LLD) and its effect on biomechanics of lower limbs. Methods Topological structure for middle and rear part of the insole was optimized by solid isotropic microstructures with penalization (SIMP), the force was loaded and the boundary conditions were set according to force area of the insole, and the height increasing insole with thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU) materials was printed by selected laser sintering (SLS). The insoles were used in 9 patients with LLD, visual analogue scale (VAS) and Maryland foot function scores were used to compare pain and foot function changes of patients before and after using the insole, and the 3D gait analysis system was used to compare spatiotemporal parameters and vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) of both lower limbs. Result sAfter the patient wore 3D printed insole, VAS scores decreased, Maryland foot function scores increased, vGRF of both lower limbs decreased, and the difference of cadence, stance phase and swing phase in both lower limbs decreased. Conclusions The 3D printed height increasing insole after topology optimization can improve coordination of lower limb movement, reduce ground impact, relieve pain and improve foot function, thus providing an effective personalized orthopedic plan for LLD treatment in clinic.

Optimization of Quality Control Efficiency of Infusion Pump / 中国医疗器械杂志

OBJECTIVE@#Analyze and conclude the new quality control process, so as to improve the quality control efficiency.@*METHODS@#Statistical analysis was conducted on the flow rate quality control data of infusion pump in 2020, with a total of 330 times of quality control data.@*RESULTS@#The pump with qualified flow rate entered and maintained the qualified state from the third minute, while the pump with unqualified flow rate entered and maintained the unqualified state from the second minute.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Take the third minute to enter the qualified range and continue for 2 minutes to judge that the flow rate quality control is qualified. The accuracy of this new rule is as high as 100%, and the time of flow rate quality control can be reduced from 60 minutes to 10 minutes, which greatly improves the work efficiency.

Blood transfusion and prognostic factors of extracorporeal membrane pulmonary oxygenation for the treatment of respiratory and circulatory failure / 中国基层医药

Objective:To analyze blood transfusion and prognostic factors of extracorporeal membrane pulmonary oxygenation (ECMO) for the treatment of respiratory and circulatory failure.Methods:The clinical data of 80 patients with respiratory and circulatory failure who received treatment in Huangshi Central Hospital from March 2016 to July 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. According to 28-day prognosis, these patients were divided into death group ( n = 44) and survival group ( n = 36). The general data, blood transfusion during the process of ECMO, vital signs, laboratory indicators, ventilation time, and length of hospital stay were compared between the two groups. The factors affecting death during the process of ECMO were analyzed. Results:There were no significant differences in sex, age, body mass index, complications, the cause of respiratory and circulatory failure, and the mode of ECMO between the two groups (all P > 0.05). Preoperative Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, creatinine, procalcitonin and lactic acid levels in the survival group were (22.36 ± 3.71) points, (79.17 ± 9.29) μmol/L, (2.77 ± 0.79) ng/L, (2.74 ± 0.36) mmol/L, respectively, which were significantly lower than (34.27 ± 4.98) points, (94.16 ± 10.23) μmol/L, (3.69 ± 1.10) ng/L, (5.18 ± 0.42) mmol/L, respectively in the death group ( t = -11.89, -6.79, -5.62, -27.53, all P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in preoperative respiratory frequency, diastolic pressure, systolic pressure, heart rate, oxygenation index (PaO 2/FiO 2) and C-reactive protein between the two groups (all P > 0.05). The volume of blood transfused on the day of undergoing ECMO, the volume of blood transfused on the day of withdrawing ECMO, the volume of blood transfused during the whole process of ECMO, duration of ventilation, and the incidence of complications related to ECMO were(98.74 ± 16.28) mL, (37.23 ± 10.36) mL, (398.79 ± 67.81) mL, (210.39 ± 20.21) hours, 38.89% (14/36), respectively, which were significantly lower than (160.17 ± 23.14) mL, (48.26 ± 12.25) mL, (600.23 ± 70.12) mL, (320.14 ± 18.21) hours, 79.55% (35/44), respectively in the death group ( t = -13.43, -4.29, 4.94, 25.25, χ2 = 13.79, all P < 0.001). The length of hospital stay in the survival group was longer than that in the death group [(20.14 ± 5.36) days vs. (14.17 ± 4.23) days, t = 5.56, P < 0.001). Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, procalcition level, the volume of blood transfused on the day of ECMO, duration of ventilation, and the volume of blood transfused during the whole process of ECMO are risk factors for death after ECMO, while length of hospital stay is a protective factor for ECMO. Conclusion:Preoperative evaluation of Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, continuous blood transfusion during the whole process of ECMO, grasping the opportunity of ventilation and preventing against complications of ECMO are the keys to increasing the survival rate of patients with respiratory and circulatory failure.

Characteristics and application value of ultra-wide-field fundus auto-fluorescence in Stargardt disease / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To explore the characteristics and application value of ultra-wide-field auto-fluorescence in Stargardt disease. <p>METHODS: A retrospective study of clinical characteristics and genetically confirmed Stargardt disease patients, using Optos P200Tx for ultra-wide-field auto-fluorescence imaging, and comparing the imaging features of traditional fundus color photographs, fundus 55° auto-fluorescence, and optical coherence tomography, to evaluate the ultra-wide-field auto-fluorescence in Stargardt disease image characteristics and advantages of clinical application. <p>RESULTS:All 76 eyes(100%)had high posterior auto-fluorescence, while only 42 eyes(55%)of traditional 55° auto-fluorescence showed obvious posterior high auto-fluorescence. Sixty-six eyes(87%)of the 76 eyes showed different numbers of spots, which were distributed from the posterior pole to the peripheral retina. UWAF can show clearer and more number of retinal spots than fundus color photographs, and more completely shows the number and distribution of spots area. All 76 eyes(100%)of the patients showed the oval low auto-fluorescence area induced by retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)atrophy in the center of the macula. As the disease progressed, the atrophy area expanded and the low fluorescence area expanded accordingly. Ultra-wide-field auto-fluorescence can completely display the atrophy range and area, but it cannot display in dystrophy depth. In 48 eyes(63%)ultra-wide-field auto-fluorescence, strong background auto-fluorescence was seen extending from the macula to the nasal and inferior temporal of the optic disc, forming a clear approximately vertical dividing line below the optic disc.<p>CONCLUSION: Ultra-wide-field auto-fluorescence changes in Stargardt are not limited to the posterior pole and may extend more peripherally. Ultra-wide-field imaging is a useful tool for the assessment of patients with Stargardt macular dystrophy.

Study on the optimization of the preparation technic and pharmacological activity of Chuanxiong Rhizoma / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To optimize the preparation technic of Chuanxiong Rhizoma with vacuum steam method, and to investigate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of Chuanxiong Rhizoma decoction pieces with Central Composite Design-Response Surface Method. Methods:Taking the content of ferulic acid as the evaluation index and the moistening temperature, moistening time and vacuum time as the observation indexes, the moistening technic of Chuanxiong Rhizoma was optimized by Response Surface Method, and selected the optimized plan. The anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of Chuanxiong Rhizoma were investigated by auricle swelling induced by xylene and writhing induced by glacial acetic acid. Results:The optimum vacuum moistening technic was that the softening temperature was 80 ℃, the softening time was 50 min and the vacuum time was 45 min. The content of ferulic acid in Chuanxiong Rhizoma produced by this technic is highand could decreased the times of wrinkle reaction induced by acetic acid in mice, prolonged the latent period, and obviously or partially inhibitied the ear swelling degree induced byxylene in rats. Conclusions:The Response Surface Method technic of Chuanxiong Rhizoma is easy to operate with high accuracy. The vacuum steam treatment was more obvious than traditional technology group. It provides reference for the subsequent production of Chuanxiong Rhizoma decoction pieces and have the certain value for its promotion and application.

Advances in Research on Constituents and Pharmacological Effects ofArtemisia argyi Essential Oil / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Artemisia argyi is a perennial aromatic herb，which has used as a medicine for its leaves.It is spicy，bitter and warm，it has a small poison，it acts on the liver，spleen and kidney.According to traditional Chinese medicine（TCM），it has the functions of warming the bleeding，relieving cold and pain，dispelling dampness and itching，and so on.Previous researches have shown that A. argyi is used for treatment of various diseases，including pneumonia，gastritis，and hepatitis.Modern pharmacological studies have shown that it has a variety of antibacterial，antioxidant，insect-resistant，anti-inflammatory，immunomodulative and other activities，which depend on their complex chemical constituents，mainly including essential oil，flavonoids，tannins and polysaccharides.The A. argyi essential oil（AAEO）are the main active parts isolated from the extract of A. argyi，including ethers，alcohols，monoterpenes，sesquiterpenes，and other compounds，which have broad-spectrum antibacterial，antioxidant，anti-inflammatory，anti-tumor，analgesia，asthma relief and immune regulation，and have broad-spectrum biological activities.By studying the literatures at home and abroad in recent years，the chemical composition of AAEO was sorted out，and the chemical composition characteristics and contents of it prepared by different extraction methods were summarized，as well as the common chemical components detected in AAEO at the present stage.The author also reviewed a variety of pharmacological activities of AAEO，focusing on its anti-inflammatory，anti-tumor，antibacterial，antioxidant and other activities，and found that it has a good drug development prospect for inflammation，tumor，bacterial diseases and so on.In order to better exploit and utilize AAEO natural resources，the author analyzes the existing problems in the research and development process of it and puts forward that it is necessary to further and systematically explore its chemical components，pharmacological effects，basis of medicinal substances and mechanism of action，so as to lay a foundation for the comprehensive development and utilization of AAEO.

Research on Procurement Classifcation of Medical Equipment Based on Kraljic Model / 中国医疗器械杂志

Based on the Kraljic model,this paper established the scoring standard system for medical equipment procurement,and determined the weight coefficients of each evaluation factor by the analytic hierarchy process (AHP),then the procurement classification model of medical equipment was successfully established.It is proved that this model can classify medical equipment effectively,which enables the purchasing personnel to adopt corresponding purchasing strategies according to different classification.This model can be extended to all medical equipment procurement,realizing the delicacy and individualized procurement management of the equipment,which has strong operability and guiding significance.

Development of a Deep Learning Algorithm for Classification of Neuroblastoma / 中国医疗器械杂志

In this paper, the classification and location of neuroblastoma in NMR images are realized by using Deep Neural Network(CNN) algorithm as the core technology. The module is integrated to realize the development of computer-aided diagnostic software. It is used to make up for the gap in the field of intelligent identification and accurate positioning of neuroblastoma in the current nuclear magnetic resonance detection technology, effectively reduce the work intensity of doctors reading films, and further promote the clinical application and technical development of nuclear magnetic resonance detection technology in the diagnosis of neuroblastoma.

Total arthroscopic internal drainage technique for the treatment of popliteal cyst / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the clinical effects of total arthroscopic internal drainage and arthroscopic combined with posterior small incision in the treatment of popliteal cyst.@*METHODS@#From January 2015 to January 2017, 60 patients with popliteal cyst were treated, including 29 males and 31 females, aged 30 to 65(47.8±2.5) years old, with a course of disease (8.5±4.2) months. Among them, 30 cases received total arthroscopic internal drainage for popliteal fossa cyst(total arthroscopic group), 30 cases received arthroscopic combined with posterior small incision for popliteal fossa cyst(arthroscopic combined with small incision group). The operation time, intraoperative bleeding volume, incision length, Rauschning and Lindgren grade 0 recovery rate and Lysholm score were compared between the two groups.@*RESULTS@#Twenty-nine patients in total arthroscopy group were followed up, and 28 patients in arthroscopy combined with small incision group were followed up for 8 to 20(12.8±2.1) months. Operation time: total arthroscopic group(45.32±5.71) min, arthroscopic combined small incision group (44.56±3.85) min; Rauschning and Lindgren grade 0 recovery: 23 cases in total arthroscopic group, 22 cases in arthroscopic combined small incision group; postoperative Lysholm score: total arthroscopic group 84.5±11.2, arthroscopic combined small incision group 83.2±12.7; there was no significant difference between the two groups(>0.05). Intraoperative bleeding volume: total arthroscopic group(5.32±1.25) ml, arthroscopic combined small incision group(20.75±8.18) ml; incision length: total arthroscopic group (1.51±0.34) cm, arthroscopic combined small incision group (7.34±0.75) cm; the difference between the two groups was significant(<0.05). At the last follow-up, the knee joint was examined by magnetic resonance imaging, and no recurrence of cyst was found.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Total arthroscopic internal drainage and arthroscopic combined with posterior small incision technique for popliteal fossa cyst with intra-articular lesions have the same clinical effect, but less trauma and faster recovery.

Effect of dexmedetomidine on cell apoptosis during lung ischemia-reperfusion injury in a rat model of cardiopulmonary bypass / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective@#To evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on cell apoptosis during lung ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in a rat model of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).@*Methods@#Ninety-six SPF healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 350-500 g, were divided into 4 groups (n=24 each) using a random number table method: sham operation group(group S), CPB group(group C), CPB plus left lung I/R group (group IR), and CPB plus left lung I/R plus dexmedetomidine group (group D). The chest was only opened, and the rats underwent no CPB in group S. Only the CPB model was established in group C. The model of left lung I/R injury was established based on the CPB model in group IR.In group D, the model of CPB plus left pulmonary I/R injury was established, dexmedetomidine was intravenously infused in a dose of 3 μg/kg through the tail vein, followed by a continuous infusion of 1.5 μg·kg-1·h-1 until the end of surgery.Eight rats were selected in each group before operation (T0), at 10 min after opening the left hilum (T1), and at the end of operation (T2), the left lung tissues were taken for examination of pathological changes (with a light microscope) which were scored and for determination of cell apoptosis, and immunohistochemistry score (IHS) was assessed.The apoptosis index was calculated.@*Results@#Compared with group S, the pathological changes of lung tissues, IHS and apoptosis index were significantly increased at T1, 2 in the other three groups (P<0.05). Compared with group C, the pathological changes of lung tissues, IHS and apoptosis index were significantly increased at T1, 2 in IR and D groups (P<0.05). Compared with group IR, the pathological changes of lung tissues, IHS and apoptosis index were significantly decreased at T2 in group D (P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#The mechanism by which dexmedetomidine reduces lung I/R injury during CPB is related to inhibiting cell apoptosis in rats.

Effect of dexmedetomidine on cell apoptosis during lung ischemia-reperfusion injury in a rat model of cardiopulmonary bypass / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on cell apoptosis during lung is-chemia-reperfusion(I/R)injury in a rat model of cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB).Methods Ninety-six SPF healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 350-500 g,were divided into 4 groups(n＝24 each)using a random number table method: sham operation group(group S),CPB group(group C),CPB plus left lung I/R group(group IR),and CPB plus left lung I/R plus dexmedetomidine group(group D).The chest was only opened,and the rats underwent no CPB in group S.Only the CPB model was es-tablished in group C.The model of left lung I/R injury was established based on the CPB model in group IR.In group D,the model of CPB plus left pulmonary I/R injury was established,dexmedetomidine was intrave-nously infused in a dose of 3 μg/kg through the tail vein,followed by a continuous infusion of 1.5 μg?kg-1?h-1 until the end of surgery.Eight rats were selected in each group before operation(T0),at 10 min after opening the left hilum(T1),and at the end of operation(T2),the left lung tissues were taken for examination of pathological changes(with a light microscope)which were scored and for determination of cell apoptosis,and immunohistochemistry score(IHS)was assessed.The apoptosis index was calculated.Results Compared with group S,the pathological changes of lung tissues,IHS and apoptosis index were significantly increased at T1,2 in the other three groups(P＜0.05).Compared with group C,the pathologi-cal changes of lung tissues,IHS and apoptosis index were significantly increased at T1,2 in IR and D groups(P＜0.05).Compared with group IR,the pathological changes of lung tissues,IHS and apoptosis index were significantly decreased at T2 in group D(P＜0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which dexme-detomidine reduces lung I/R injury during CPB is related to inhibiting cell apoptosis in rats.

Research on the Clinical Alarm Management Mechanism Based on Closed-loop Control Theory / 中国医疗器械杂志

This paper proposes a clinical alarm management system based on the theory of the closed loop control. The alarm management mechanism can be divided into the expected standard, improving execution rule, rule execution, medical devices with alarm functions, results analysis strategy and the output link. And, we make relevant application and discussion. Results showed that the mechanism can be operable and effective.

System Integration of Infant Incubators' Quality Control Testing Based on MCU / 中国医疗器械杂志

This study is aimed to design the testing system of multiple parameters of the incubators, and to make their quality control plans. Also it is required to establish a model of data collection and processing based on MCU, and to program the host computer software in order to analyze data. The result shows that the testing system is accurate and stable; also it is convenient to collect the data. This testing system is a good complement of the quality control of incubators. It has a high practical value in improving medical safety and reducing the occurrence of adverse events.

Hospital Networked Medical Equipment Safety Management / 中国医疗器械杂志

With the continuous improvement and wide application of hospital information, more and more medical equipment is integrated into the hospital information systems, which brings new work contents and challenges for the traditional clinical engineers. This paper reviews and evaluates the current situation of networked medical equipment in the hospital. By applying the ISO 80001 and the MDS(Manufacturer Disclosore Statement for Medical Device Security), the paper puts forward the measures and suggestions for the security management of networked medical equipment.

Corrosion at the head-neck taper as a cause for aspetic loosening after total arthroplasty / 医学研究生学报

Metal wear debris,as the most common one,may cause aspetic loosening after total hip arthroplasty.It is gradual-ly recognized that wear of head-neck taper may produce metal wear debris after the decline of application of metal on metal prothesis. Wear of head neck taper is mainly relevant to material quality and taper connection at the head neck junction.So we wrote this review to analyze the mechanical and cellular mechanisms of wear of head -neck taper,and furthermore summarize the clinical diagnosis,pre-vention and treatment on adverse local tissue reactions based on large quantities of reference.

Retinal ganglion cell-conditioned medium alters the differentiation of rat retinal progenitor cells / 眼科新进展

Objective To investigate the effects of retinal ganglion cell-conditioned medium on the differentiation of retinal stem cells.Methods Rettial stem cells and retinal ganglion cells were isolated from rats,and immunofluorescence staining was applied to identify rat retinal stem cells and retinal ganglion cells with Nestin and Thy-1 antibody,respectively.Retinal stem cells were cultured in presence or absence of retinal ganglion cell-conditioned medium for 72 h,followed by detection of Nestin,PAX6,Thy-1 and Bin-3 gene expression in retinal stem cells by qPCR.Results isolated retinal stem cells were Nestin positive,and retinal ganglion cells were Thy-1 positive,indicating the success of isolation.Compared to retinal stem cells cultured without ganglion cellconditioned medium,ones cultured with ganglion-conditioned medium had significantly downregulated expression of Nestin and PAX6 (both P ＜ 0.000 1),and markedly upregulated expression of Thy-1 and Brn-3 (both P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Retinal ganglion cell-conditioned medium can induce the differentiation of retinal progenitor cells into retinal ganglion-like cells.

Analysis of medical devices maintenance cost and optimization proposal / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective To learn the present hospital expenditures of medical devices maintenance for improvement recommendations. Methods An investigation was made to the clinical engineering sections of 33 hospitals in 2018, including 11 Beijing hospitals and 22 Zhejiang hospitals. Indicator values of maintenance expenditure were obtained, and the data were subject to descriptive statistics. Results The mean of beds of these hospitals was 1514. 13 ± 710. 99, that of medical devices was 8120. 90 ± 6488. 63, that of original value of these devices was 843 ± 496 million yuan, and that of maintenance cost was 17. 35 ± 11. 92 million yuan. This indicated the cost of service ratio as 2. 02％. Conclusions Training of engineers should be strengthened at the sections, for more in-house maintenance. Informationization should be enhanced for precision maintenance. Multi-channel maintenance model should be introduced to further lower the costs.

A evaluation research for the optimization and utilization of medical equipment in pediatric hospital / 中国医学装备

Objective:To provide more details and guide the management and usage as well as purchasing for medical equipment, so as to realize the optimization and utilization of the medical resources and impel Precision Medicine Initiative.Methods:The cost-effective analysis and the rate of return analysis of two large-scale precision equipments (MRI and Fundus camera usage) during January 2015 and June 2016 were performed. Besides, the equipment cost was divides into several more detailed projects in the research.Results: The rate of return of MRI in the first half year of 2016 was 8.5%, which was obviously higher than the one of 2015 which was 4.1%; the rate of return of Fundus camera usage in the first half year of 2016 was 25.9%, which was also obviously higher than the one of 2015 that was 15.0%. In the analysis, the depreciation of equipment was the main cost.Conclusion: It was critical and necessary to strengthen the standardized operation and routine maintenance in operation, in order to improve their safety usage rate.